The big picture
A solute dissolves in a solvent to make a solution. Every solvent has a limit.
| Idea | Remember | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Three words | Solute + solvent = solution. | Sugar in tea |
| What water dissolves | Not everything dissolves in water. | Sand does not |
| How much goes in | Each solvent has a limit. | Solubility |
| Warmth | Solids: limit rises. Gases: limit falls. | Baking soda, oxygen |
| Saturated | It holds all it can. Cooling brings solute out. | A pile of sugar |
| Concentration | Solute per amount of solution. | 5 spoons in 100 mL |
| Uniform or not | Solutions are uniform. | Sand and water is not |
| Density | Density is mass divided by volume. Water has a density of about 1 g in each cm³. | 36 g in 12 cm³ is 3 g/cm³ |
| Float or sink | An object floats if its density is less than the liquid's. It sinks if its density is more. | Light wood floats, iron sinks |
Read NCERT Chapter 9: The Amazing World of Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions. It also shows how to read a measuring cylinder. And it shows how heat changes density.