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How AI Learns I: From Rules to Data

Track quiz

Eight lessons, one line each. Keep this table open while you answer.

Counting what was never shown: the one number that says anything
IdeaThe line to keep
A rule or a pileOne rule a person wrote and one rule learned from examples. Measured on the same kept-back set, both produce a count. The counts do not tell you which crates each one got wrong.
Keep some backOne split makes the learn set and the kept-back set. A kept-back crate is one the program has never seen. Crates it never saw test it fairly.
Right out of how manyWalk both lists together. Add one when a pair agrees. Hand back the count. Two lists that agree on nothing give 0.
Split it differentlyMove the split and measure again. The count and the number kept back are reported together. 3 of 4 and 30 of 40 are not the same claim.
Learning the examplesA nearest-example program that holds a crate finds it at distance 0. So it copies that crate's word. That is automatic, not a skill. The only count that matters covers crates it has never seen.
Ask more than oneAsk one, three or five nearby examples and let the majority answer. A split vote is reported as a tie. The count shows whether more examples helped.
The order you do it inCollect, label, split, learn, measure — in that order. Measure on the examples it learned from, and the count flatters. Measure on the kept-back tray, and it means something.
Write the rule yourselfWalk the examples once and carry the nearest one so far. Hand back its word at the end. When two are exactly as near, keep the one met first. A vote of several examples reports a tie instead. This walk keeps the first.

Two rules score 15 and 14 on the same 20 test crates. What else should you check?

  • Which crates each rule got wrong
  • Which rule is older
  • Nothing. The bigger count always wins.

A crate is kept back. What does the program know about it?

  • Its real word
  • Its place on the board, but not its word
  • Nothing. It never saw it.

24 crates are split. Every third crate is kept back. How many does the program learn from?

  • 24
  • 8
  • 16

Why should you say how a split was made?

  • A split you explain always gives a higher score.
  • Anyone can repeat it.
  • The program will not start without one.

The lists agree on nothing. What does agreed hand back?

  • 0
  • The length of the list
  • Nothing. The walk stops.

Guesses: full, cut, cut. Real words: full, full, cut. How many guesses are right?

  • 1
  • 3
  • 2

One program scores 4 of 8 on a split. On another split, 2 of 8. What moved?

  • The kept-back crates
  • The program
  • Nothing. One count is a mistake.

What must you write beside a count of 14?

  • The name of the program that scored it
  • The number tested, as in 14 of 20
  • Nothing. The number 14 says it all.

A nearest-example program scores 24 of 24 on crates it was shown. What does that tell you?

  • Nothing about new crates.
  • It will be right about new crates.
  • The examples were too easy.

A program gets 24 of 24 on its own crates. It gets 14 of 20 on new ones. Which counts?

  • 24 of 24
  • 14 of 20
  • Both count the same.

The three nearest examples say cut, cut, full. What is the answer?

  • Full price
  • No answer
  • Cut price

On one pile, asking 5 scored worse than asking 1. How can that happen?

  • The test set changed.
  • Most examples there carry one word, so the other word is outvoted.
  • Five is always worse than one.

The program learns, then is measured. Only then is the pile split. What is it tested on?

  • Crates it already learned from
  • Crates it never saw
  • Nothing. The step refuses.

The clerk never wrote the words on the crates. What happens at the measuring step?

  • It scores 0 out of 24.
  • It runs as normal.
  • It cannot run at all.

Your walk meets an example as near as its best. What does it keep?

  • The newer, later one
  • The earlier one
  • Neither of them

A new crate is at 3 marked and 2 kilos. An example is at 6 marked and 6 kilos. What is the squared distance?

  • 7
  • 5
  • 25

That is the track: a pile, a kept-back set, one honest number.

Ask every score what it was measured on.

Next: Using AI Well & Safely I.

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This track

  1. 0 Start here
  2. 1 A rule a person wrote, and a pile of examples
  3. 2 Keep some crates back
  4. 3 Right out of how many
  5. 4 Split it differently
  6. 5 Learning the examples instead of the pattern
  7. 6 Ask more than one
  8. 7 The order you do it in
  9. 8 Write the rule yourself
  10. 9 The big picture
  11. 10 Track quiz

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