Track quiz

Fourteen quick questions. Use the table if you get stuck.

Metals and non-metals — the ten rules the labs used
Lesson	The rule
Shine and sound	Shine and ringing are two tests. One pass is not enough.
Beaten and drawn	Most metals spread under a blow and draw into wire. A brittle lump shatters.
Warmth and the loop	Metals carry warmth and the loop well. Graphite carries the loop too.
Non-metals around us	Each substance melts and boils at its own points. State and metal-or-not are separate.
Rusting	Rust needs air and water together. Take either away and iron stays bright.
Choosing	Start with the job. The right material passes both properties the job needs.
Oxides	A metal's oxide is usually basic. A non-metal's oxide is usually acidic. Litmus in water can show which, if the oxide dissolves.
Kept away	Keep a substance away from what it reacts with. Sodium reacts with air and water, so it is kept in kerosene. White phosphorus can catch fire in air, so water covers it.
Jewellery	A jewellery metal shines and shapes easily. It keeps its shine in air and water. Of iron, copper, silver and gold, gold does this best.
Non-metal jobs	Non-metals do vital jobs. Chlorine cleans water. Iodine is an antiseptic for wounds. Nitrogen is in fertilisers. Oxygen is for breathing. Carbon is in all living things.

A glass marble shines brightly in the Sun. What does that prove?

It is a metal
Nothing — a smooth clean surface throws back light either way
It will ring if struck

A shopkeeper strikes a steel plate. It rings on. Which test is that?

Sonorous — a solid metal rings on
Lustre — a metal shines
Ductile — a metal draws into wire

The same hammer flattens copper but shatters a lump of coal. Why?

The hammer hits the coal harder
Coal is brittle, so it breaks. Copper is malleable, so it spreads
Copper is too soft to feel the blow

Which of these can be pulled into a long thin wire?

The copper inside a phone charger
The plastic sleeve around that copper
The glass in a bangle

A wooden spoon and a steel spoon sit in hot milk. Which handle stays cool?

The wooden one — wood lets very little warmth through
Both — a handle is always far from heat
The steel one — metal keeps warmth in the middle

A pencil's grey core lights a tester's bulb. What follows?

Graphite is a metal after all
A non-metal can carry the loop too
The tester must be broken

Which of these is a metal that is liquid at room temperature?

Sulfur
Mercury
Iron

A nail sits in a sealed dry tin for a month. What happens?

It stays bright — there is no water
It rusts slowly — there is air
It rusts fast — tins trap damp

A student scrubs the orange off a rusted chain. What is left underneath?

The original bright surface
Thinner iron, because the orange came out of the chain itself
A fresh layer that never rusts again

A pencil core and a copper wire both carry the loop. Which extra property lets copper make a lamp's flex?

Copper draws into thin wire
Copper is a non-metal
Copper does not shine

Magnesium oxide is mixed with water. What does red litmus do?

It turns blue
It turns darker red
It does not change

Why is sodium kept under kerosene?

Kerosene makes sodium shine
Kerosene keeps sodium cold
Kerosene keeps air and water away from it

Which of these three metals suits a bangle that must stay bright?

Iron
Copper
Gold

Which non-metal goes into fertilisers?

Nitrogen
Chlorine
Iodine

Now open Chapter 4 in your NCERT book. Try its questions.

Next: Changes Around Us: Physical and Chemical. A rusted nail does not turn back into bright iron by itself. That chapter asks which changes can be undone.

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