The big picture
One table sums up the chapter.
| Idea | The key line |
|---|---|
| Two kinds of element | Metals usually shine, bend, ring and conduct. Non-metals usually do not. Exceptions exist. |
| What an oxide tells | Metal oxides are usually basic. Non-metal oxides are usually acidic. Exceptions exist. |
| Air, water, acid | Metals above hydrogen give a salt and hydrogen with dilute acid. |
| Displacement | A more reactive metal takes a less reactive metal's place. |
| Reactivity series | K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, [H], Cu, Hg, Ag, Au |
| Ionic compounds | Ions. Conduct when molten or dissolved, not solid. |
| Extraction | Top: electrolysis. Middle: reduce with carbon. Bottom: found free, or heat the ore. |
| Rust | Air and water. Galvanising protects even when scratched. |
| Alloys | A mixture of a metal with other metals or a non-metal. |
| Refining copper | Impure copper is the anode. Pure copper builds up on the cathode. |
Read Chapter 3, Metals and Non-metals, in your book. Try its exercises. Carbon and its Compounds comes next.