Track quiz
Eleven quick questions, one for each lesson. Use the table if you get stuck.
| Idea | Remember |
|---|---|
| The bond that shares | An atom shares electrons when taking or giving costs too much. A shared pair counts into both atoms' outer shells at once. Sharing does not make charged particles by itself. Most covalent compounds are poor conductors. |
| Why carbon builds everything | A carbon has four bond slots. In a hydrocarbon, the slots go to hydrogens or to other carbons. Hydrogens fill whatever slots are left open. |
| Single or double | A chain of single bonds is saturated. A double or triple bond makes it unsaturated. Bromine water loses its colour at a double or triple bond. |
| One part swapped | Swap the group on a chain's end and the family changes. The functional group decides the family. |
| A family with one difference | A homologous series is a row of compounds with the same group. Each is one CH₂ above the last. They share chemical properties. Physical properties change step by step. |
| Ethanol | Ethanol is a two-carbon chain with –OH. It dissolves many things, burns well, and stays liquid in the cold. Each property earns a use. |
| Ethanoic acid | Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. It frees fewer H⁺ than a strong acid. Weak does not mean harmless. |
| Soaps bridge oil and water | A soap molecule has an oil-liking tail and a water-liking head. Tails ring an oil drop. Heads face the water. The wrapped drop rinses away. |
| Naming a compound | The stem tells the number of carbons. The ending tells the group. Drop the final e before an ending that starts with a vowel. |
| An acid and an alcohol make an ester | An acid and an alcohol make an ester and water. A little strong acid helps. Many esters smell fruity. |
| An ester and an alkali | An ester and sodium hydroxide make an alcohol and a salt. The salt is the sodium salt of the acid. This is saponification. Fats and oils treated this way give soap. |
Carbon has four outer electrons. Why does it share instead of losing four or gaining four?
A straight chain of five carbons has only single bonds. How many hydrogens does it hold?
A gas is shaken with bromine water and the colour fades. What does the gas have?
Propanone has the group >C=O inside a three-carbon chain. Which family is it?
What is the formula of the alkane with seven carbons?
Iodine hardly dissolves in water. It dissolves well in ethanol. Which property is used?
A clear liquid is ethanol or ethanoic acid. It fizzes with baking soda. Which is it?
A plate washed in water stays greasy. With soap it comes clean. Why?
A compound has three carbons and an –OH group. What is its name?
Ethanoic acid and ethanol are warmed with strong acid. What forms?
Methyl ethanoate is warmed with sodium hydroxide. What are the products?
Chapter 4 is in your Class 10 book, Science. It is Carbon and its Compounds. It goes further into each family.
Next comes Life Processes — what every living body is doing right now. The compounds this chapter taught are the compounds life is built from.