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Show on a big screenA candle, vinegar, and soap all contain carbon. They share that atom's habit.
Chapter 4 in your Class 10 book is Carbon and its Compounds. It shows what one element can do.
What you will learn
- The bond that shares — atoms share electrons instead of swapping them.
- Why carbon builds everything — four bond slots, and carbon bonds to itself.
- Single or double — a double or triple bond uses more slots. A test finds it.
- One part swapped — the end group decides a chain's family.
- A family with one difference — same group, one more CH₂ each step.
- Ethanol — a two-carbon chain that dissolves things and burns.
- Ethanoic acid — a CH₃ joined to the acid group.
- Soaps bridge oil and water — one end for each; the wash works.
- Naming a compound — a stem for carbons, an ending for the group.
- An acid and an alcohol make an ester — many smell fruity.
- An ester and an alkali — saponification, the way soap is made.
Quick catch-up
These earlier lessons help. Open one first if a line ahead is hard to follow.
- The outer shell decides — how full a shell is decides its chemistry.
- Compounds that carry charge — some compounds are made of charged particles instead.
- What acids have in common — every acid frees the same charged particle.
One rule before every bench
Every bench here is a simulation. Nothing is heated, mixed, or tasted for real. Ethanol and ethanoic acid appear only as chemistry to study. Drinking alcohol harms the body.