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Lesson 13 of 14

9 min

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Ten ideas, ten checks. The table comes first.

What the digits give away, and why
IdeaHow it goes
General formFor two digits, number plus reverse is 11 times digit sum. A number is 10a + b.
Three digitsBigger minus smaller: the middle digit drops out. The difference is 99 times the outer gap.
Eleven testAlternate plus and minus from the ones digit. Zero or a multiple of 11 passes.
Nine-checkIf the marks disagree, the answer is wrong. If they agree, it might be right.
Letters for digitsA letter is one digit. A B means 10A + B, never A × B.
Hundred gridOne step right adds 1. One step down adds 10.
Saying whyWrite both numbers, do the sum, take out the common factor.
End digitsFor 2, 5 or 10, look at the last digit. For 4, look at the last two digits. For 8, look at the last three.
Digit sumsA number divides by 3 when its digit sum does. A number divides by 6 when 2 and 3 both divide it.
Two tests for 40To test 40, check 5 and 8. Checking 4 and 10 is not enough, because 20 passes both.

A two-digit number is added to its own reverse. What is the total always a multiple of?

  • 9
  • 11
  • No fixed number

A plate reads 851. What is 851 minus its reverse?

  • 63
  • 693
  • 703

Is 407 a multiple of 11?

  • No
  • Yes
  • It cannot be told without dividing

The nine-check passes on a written answer. What does that tell you?

  • The answer is right
  • The answer might still be wrong
  • The check tells nothing

On a board, A B + 2 8 = 9 1. What is the two-digit number A B?

  • 18
  • 63
  • 91

On a 1-to-100 grid, which way do multiples of 9 go?

  • Down and right
  • Down and left
  • Straight down

10a + b plus its reverse collects to 11a + 11b. Which factor shows the sum is a multiple of 11?

  • `a + b`
  • `11`
  • `b`

Which of these numbers divides by 8? All three are even.

  • 12,346
  • 12,348
  • 12,344

Which number divides by 6?

  • 5,874
  • 6,153
  • 8,728

A number divides by 4 and by 10. What must be true?

  • It divides by 40
  • It divides by 20
  • It must end in 5

Part I, Chapter 5, Number Play, is in your book. You have taken numbers apart and tested them. You have also argued about all numbers at once.

Next: We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply. It opens brackets with a letter inside.

Reveal every answer to finish this lesson.