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Lime juice stings a cut. Soap feels slippery. Litmus is a dye on paper that changes colour. It shows lime juice and soap are opposites.

This chapter gives every acid and base a number on this line.

This is Chapter 2 in your NCERT book. It is called Acids, Bases and Salts.

What you will learn

The shelf again — two litmus strips together name a group.
What acids have in common — one same ion, in every acid.
Acids, bases and metals — a gas may form. A test names it.
The pH scale — one number, usually 0 to 14.
pH in living contexts — mouths, rain and stings each have a range.
Salts from neutralisation — acid plus base gives salt and water.
Crystals that carry water — some crystals hold water inside their structure.

Every bench ahead is a simulation. Nobody tastes, touches or mixes real chemicals here.