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Lesson 13 of 14

8 min

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Keep this table beside you. Read the quantity a question names. Then use the rule that finds it.

Ways to total a list without adding every term, and two ways to find terms
IdeaHow it goes
The foldPair the ends inward; every end pair totals a + l.
The totalSₙ = n/2 (a + l); the middle counts once.
The other faceSₙ = n/2 (2a + (n − 1)d) — from a and d alone.
BackwardsWith a and d known, unknown n gives a quadratic. That needs d not 0. Keep only a whole count of terms, at least 1. Unknown d: linear.
Terms from sumsa₁ = S₁, since nothing comes before the first term. Then aₙ = Sₙ − Sₙ₋₁ for n = 2, 3, 4, and so on.
Two sumsTwo totals, for different counts of terms, give two linear equations.
StoriesSay what is given and what is missing. The story can show that an answer is wrong.
Is it a termPut the number in aₙ = a + (n − 1)d. A term needs n to be a whole number, at least 1.
Two factsWrite each fact as a + (n − 1)d. Subtract to get d. Then find a.

On 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, why is every end pair 32?

  • The list reads the same backwards
  • The step adds 5 on one side, takes 5 off the other
  • Any five numbers give equal end pairs

An AP has a = 4 and d = 3. What is its total for 30 terms?

  • 1425
  • 1470
  • 2850

A 12-term list starts at 5 and its last term is 60. What is its total?

  • 780
  • 65
  • 390

How many terms of 2, 8, 14, … add up to 290?

  • −29/3
  • 29
  • 10

How many terms of 30, 26, 22, … add up to 126?

  • 7 only
  • 7 and 9
  • 9 only

A list's total is Sₙ = 3n² + 2n. What is the list?

  • 5, 16, 33, …
  • 3, 9, 15, …
  • 5, 11, 17, …

A list has S₄ = 28 and S₆ = 54. Which list is it?

  • 4, 6, 8, …
  • 14, 18, 22, …
  • 7, 9, 11, …

A log pile has 18 logs at the bottom, 1 on top. Each row up has one fewer. How many logs?

  • 171
  • 342
  • 324

A cyclist rides 40 km on day one. Each day after is 5 km less. What do 8 days cover? When does the ride reach 0 km?

  • 320 km in 8 days; day 9
  • 180 km in 8 days; day 8
  • 180 km in 8 days; day 9

Which question needs you to solve for n?

  • How many chairs are in row 13?
  • How many rows give a total of 555 chairs?
  • How many more chairs are in row 12 than row 11?

Which term of 9, 16, 23, 30, … is 107?

  • The 14th
  • The 13th
  • The 15th

The 3rd term of a list is 9. The 5th term is 15. What is d?

  • 3
  • 6
  • 12

Chapter 5 of your Mathematics book is Arithmetic Progressions. You could name a term. Now you can total a whole list too.

Next: Triangles — shapes whose sides scale by one number, angles unchanged.

Reveal every answer to finish this lesson.

That is the end of this subject for Class 10

Nicely done. There is more waiting at this same level — pick whichever you like.